弗吉尼亚权利法案 Virginia Declaration of Rights（1/1）
乔治·梅森 / Gee Mason
乔治·梅森（1725—1792），一位历史人物，他在两百多年前为美国的独立做出了重要贡献。最近，一座乔治·梅森的坐式铜像在美国首都华盛顿市中心树立起来，以纪念这位以倡导人权、促成被称为人权法案的美国宪法修正案的通过而名垂青史的政治家、思想家。
Acethe Hole
Uand these new words before you read this article.
1.anable [?i:n?b?l] adj.易控制的，顺从的；愿接受的
2.adistration [?l?d,istrei??n] n.暴政，乱政
3.ilitia [?l???] n.民兵组织，民兵
4.agistrate [?d?istrit] n.地方法官，治安官
5.desdible [disend?bl] adj.可遗传的
IThat all n are by nature equally free and depe, and have certa herent rights, of which, when they eo a state of society, they ot, by any pact, deprive or divest their posterity; naly, the enjoynt of life and liberty, with the ans of acquirg and possessg property, and pursug and obtag happess and safety.
IIThat all power is vested , and nsequently derived fro, the people; that agistrates are their trtees and servants, and at all tis ao the.
IIIThat governnt is, ht to be, stituted for the on be, prote, and security of the people, nation or unity; ofall the vario odes and fors of governnt that is best, which is capable of producg the greatest degree of happess and safety and is ost effectually secured agast the danger of adistration; and that, whenever any governnt shall be found adequate or ntrary to these purposes, a ajority of the unity hath an dubitable, unalienable, and defeasible right to refor, alter or abolish it,suner as shall be judged ost nducive to the public weal.
IVThat no an, or set of n, are entitled to excsive or separate eonts or privileges fro the unity, bution of public services; whiot beg desdible, her ought the offices of agistrate, legistor or judge be hereditary.
VThat the legistive and executive powers of the state should be separate and distct fro the judicative; and, that the bers of the o first ay be restraed fro oppression by feelg and participatg the burthens of the people, they should, at fixed periods, be reduced to a private statiourn to that body fro which they were ally taken, and the vacies be supplied by frequent, certa, and regur eleswhich all, or any part of the forr bers, to be aga eligible, or eligible, as the ws shall direct.
VIThat eles of bers to serve as representatives of the peopleassebly ought to be free; and that all n, havg suffit evidence of pera o with, and attat to, the unity have the right of suffrage and ot be taxed or deprived of their property for public es without their ow or that of their representatives so elected, nor bound by any w to which they have not,like anner, assented, for the publiution of ws, by any authority withoutof the representatives of the people is jurio to their rights and ought not to be exercised.
VIIIThatall capital or crial prosecutions a an hath a right to deand the cae and nature of his aation to be nfronted with the aers and wito call for evidencehis favor, and to a speedy trial by an ipartial jury of his vicage, without whose unaniohe ot be found guilty, norhe be pelled to give evidence agast hiself; that no an be deprived of his liberty except by the w of the nd or the judgent of his peers.
IXThat excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fes iposed; nor cruel and unual punishnts flicted.
XThat general warrants, whereby any officer or ssenger ay be ao search spected pces without evidence of a fact itted, or to seize any person or persons not nad, or whose offense is not particurly described and supported by evidence, are grievo and oppressive and ought not to be granted.
XIThatntroversies respectg property andsuits beeen an and an, the arial by jury is preferable to any other and ought to be held sacred.
XIIThat the freedo of the press is one of the greatest bulwarks of liberty and ever be restraed but by despotic governnts.
XIIIThat a well reguted ilitia, posed of the body of the people, traed to ars, is the proper, natural, and safe defense of a free state; that standg aries,ti of peace, should be avoided as dao liberty; and that,all cases, the ilitary should be urict subordation to, and be governed by, the civil power.
XIVThat the people have a right to unifovernnt; and therefore, that no governnt separate fro, or depe of, the governnt of Virgia, ought to be erected or established with the liits thereof.
XVThat , or the blessgs of liberty,be preserved to any people but by a fir adhereo jtice, oderation, teperance, frugality and virtue and by frequent recurreo fundantal prciples.
XVIThat religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator and the anner of dischargg it,be directed by reason and nvi, not by force or violence; and therefore, all n are equally entitled to the free exercise ion, a to the dictates of nsce; and that it is the utual duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, love and charity towards each other.